Does insurance cover shingles that blew off?
Look beyond the missing pieces
Shingles that blow off are only the obvious damage. Wind also lifts shingles that stay on the roof, folding them back and leaving a horizontal crease across the shingle. A creased shingle has broken its seal and its mat, will not reseal properly, and is likely to blow off in the next storm. Adjusters count creased, torn and missing shingles on each slope, so make sure those are documented too.
Why the insurer may push back
Most modern architectural shingles carry wind ratings well above typical thunderstorm gusts when nailed to the manufacturer's pattern. If weather records show modest wind on your date of loss, an adjuster may blame high nailing, failed sealant from age, or installation errors. Photos of the storm, nearby downed limbs and neighbors' damage help show the wind was real.
Repair versus slope replacement
Replacing a few shingles sounds simple, but replacement shingles rarely match a faded roof, and older shingles can crack when lifted. When matching or brittleness is a problem, the reasonable repair may be the whole slope or more, depending on your policy. See wind damage roof claims and partial replacement and matching.
Protect the roof now
Exposed underlayment can leak in the next rain. Get the area covered quickly and keep the receipt, since reasonable emergency repairs are normally part of the claim.