How does the appraisal clause work?
Short answer. Either side sends a written demand for appraisal. Each names its own appraiser, the two appraisers agree on an umpire, and each appraiser values the loss; if they agree, that number is the award, and if not, they take their differences to the umpire. A written award signed by any two of the three sets the amount of loss.
The mechanics
- Demand. You or the insurer sends a written request invoking appraisal, usually after a clear disagreement over the amount.
- Appraisers. Each party names a competent appraiser within the time the policy gives, commonly 20 days.
- Umpire. The appraisers pick an umpire, often within about 15 days under common wording. If they cannot agree, either side can ask a court in your state to appoint one.
- Inspection and estimates. The appraisers inspect the roof, review the estimates and photos, and build their own valuations, often line by line.
- Agreement or umpire. If the two appraisers agree, they submit the amount. If not, they submit their differences to the umpire.
- Award. A written award signed by two of the three sets the amount of loss.
- Payment. The insurer pays the award less the deductible, prior payments and any depreciation your policy allows it to hold.
Who pays
Typically each side pays its own appraiser, and the umpire and other appraisal costs are split equally. Appraisers may charge hourly, a flat fee or a percentage, so get the terms in writing before you hire one.
Practical notes
- Choose an appraiser with roofing claim experience who meets your policy's standard for being competent and free of conflicts.
- Your roofer's measurements, photos and line item scope become the core of your appraiser's case.
- Appraisal settles the amount; coverage questions can still be disputed separately.
Roof-specific strategy is covered in the appraisal clause on a roof claim.